Abstract: Objective To obtain satisfactory effect of bilingual teaching, the third grade medical students in Xinjiang Medical University were surveyed on their cognitive demands of internal medical bilingual teaching. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 190 clinical medical students with questionnaire. Results More than 80% medical students had reached or exceeded the four level national English test, but only 10.05% of them occasionally read professional English. Meanwhile 25.14% students could understand more than 50% professional English, 39.10% students only could understand less than 30% professional English. 70.29% students supported to carry out bilingual teaching in internal medicine. The main factors affecting the bilingual teaching were: (1) the English level of the students (83.18%); (2) the teachers teaching quality (78.64%); (3) teachers teaching mode and methods accounted for 57.23%. Conclusion Improving medical English levels of medical students and cultivating bilingual teaching quality are the dominant factors for promoting bilingual education of medical students.