Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response it induces play a critical bidirectional regulatory role in tumor occurrence, progression, and treatment resistance. This signaling pathway not only remodels the tumor immune microenvironment by regulating immune cell function and immunogenic cell death, but is also gaining attention as an important therapeutic target. Ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and breast cancer have high incidence and mortality rates, and their molecular mechanisms are complex and difficult to treat.Therefore, it is crucial to deeply explore the common and specific pathological mechanisms.This review systematically outlines the complex roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the aforementioned tumors, focusing particularly on interactions with the tumor immune microenvironment and advances in related drug development, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for the development of new anti-tumor strategies.

Objective To investigate the effects of early functional exercise on joint function recovery in patients after total knee arthroplasty(TKA). Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 120 TKA patients randomly divided into an experimental group(n=60)and a control group(n=60). The experimental group began early functional exercises within 24 hours post-surgery, while the control group followed a traditional rehabilitation protocol. Assessment indicators included range of motion(ROM), visual analog scale(VAS)for pain, knee society score(KSS), and Short Form-36(SF-36), evaluated pre-operatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-operatively. Results ROM and KSS scores in both groups gradually increased over time, while VAS scores gradually decreased, with statistically significant differences(all P<0.001). At all post-operative time points, the experimental group showed significantly higher ROM and KSS scores and lower VAS scores compared with that of the control group(all P<0.001). At 3 months post-operatively, ROM in the experimental group was 118.2°±11.8° vs 108.5°±10.9° in the control group(P<0.001); KSS score was 89.7±12.3 vs 82.5±11.8(P<0.001); VAS score was 1.3±0.7 vs 1.8±0.8(P<0.001). SF-36 scores and quality of life in the experimental group were superior to that of the control group(P<0.05), with a lower incidence of complications(P<0.01). Conclusion Early functional exercise significantly improves joint function recovery, reduces pain, enhances quality of life, and lowers the incidence of complications in patients after TKA.

Objective To explore the differences in early blood routine indicators, including white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, procalcitonin, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, between infants with novel coronavirus infection(COVID-19)and those with influenza A virus infection(IAV). Methods A comparative analysis was conducted on inflammatory blood indicators in 63 COVID-19 patients and 69 IAV patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit of Beijing Children's Hospital from January 1 to March 31, 2025. Results The white blood cell count in 63 children with COVID-19 was(5.12±1.89)×10⁹·L^-1, which was lower than that in 69 children with IAV(5.92±2.12)×10⁹·L^-1, with a statistically significant difference(t=-2.291,P=0.016). The neutrophil count in 63 children with COVID-19 was 2.30(1.62, 3.43)×10⁹·L^-1, which was lower than that in 69 children with IAV(2.71(1.43, 3.93)×10⁹·L^-1), with a statistically significant difference(Z=-2.540,P=0.011). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in 63 children with COVID-19 was 0.98(0.62, 1.86)×10⁹·L^-1, which was lower than that in 69 children with IAV(1.29(0.48, 2.85)×10⁹·L^-1), with a statistically significant difference(Z=-2.882,P=0.004). The platelet count in 63 children with COVID-19 was(278.31±80.10)×10⁹·L^-1, which was higher than that in 69 children with IAV(233.51±74.21)×10⁹·L^-1, with a statistically significant difference(t=3.323,P<0.001). The C-reactive protein level in 63 children with COVID-19 was 4.23(0.50, 7.72)mg·L^-1, while that in 69 children with IAV was 3.12(0.50, 6.22)mg·L^-1, with statistically significant difference between the two groups(Z=-2.002, P=0.045). The serum amyloid A levels in 63 children with COVID-19 were 15.32(3.01, 19.70)mg·L^-1, while those in 69 children with IAV were 9.45(1.00, 12.00)mg·L^-1. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups(Z=-2.649, P=0.008). Conclusion The white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the COVID-19 group are significantly lower than those in the IAV group. Platelet count, serum amyloid A, and C-reactive protein are significantly higher in the IAV group. There are characteristic differences in peripheral blood inflammation and platelet-related indicators between pediatric COVID-19 and IAV infections. Elevated white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio accompanied by reduced platelet count are laboratory features of IAV infection and can serve as important laboratory references for clinical differential diagnosis between the two viral infections.

Developments on the clinical application and experimental studies of Astragalus root and its preparations(such as compound formulas, polysaccharides, astragaloside Ⅳ, injections)in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN)are summarized. Improvements in clinical symptoms in DN patients, effective reductions in proteinuria levels and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER), and improved renal function and metabolic disorders have been observed with Astragalus root, its compound formulas, or preparations, often serving as an adjuvant therapy to enhance overall therapeutic efficacy. Experimental research has shown that Astragalus root and its main active components Astragalus polysaccharide(APS), Astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ)exert renoprotective effects via multiple targets. The underlying mechanisms include alleviating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, reducing renal fibrosis, protecting podocytes, modulating endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress, and improving mitochondrial function. Significant potential for Astragalus root as an adjuvant therapy in the comprehensive management of DN is suggested; however, its definitive efficacy requires confirmation through high-quality clinical trials, along with further elucidation of its mechanisms of action.

Based on SUN Simiao's theory of “Bao Zhong Fenghan”, this paper condenses the point of view of “Tuichen Zhixin” as the first point of view in treating menstrual diseases. It analyzed and summarized the theoretical connotation of “Bao Zhong Fenghan” suggested that the first condition of “Bao Zhong Fenghan” is long-standing deficiency of the vegetative body, and the main clinical idea of treatment should be to Tuichen Zhixin(weeding through the old to bring forth the new). The clinical feature of “Bao Zhong Fenghan” in menstrual diseases is “prolonged”.Most of the patients have been ill for years, resulting in the accumulation of obstructions in the uterus and the combination of other diseases. Treating this type of menstrual disease should focus on the “Tuichen Zhixin”, combined with the flexible use of multiple methods.Purgative therapy focuses on opening the door to chase away bandits, driving the evil out. The mineral herbs reach the uterus directly to slowly dissipate the Fenghan. The medicinal properties of insect drugs are good at moving and removing, so they can be used to attack eliminate mass. The pungent herbs Sanfeng Xingxue, which focuses on Tongxing Baogong Qixue. Hanwen Bingyong focuses on Tiaohe Yinyang, and the renewal of Qixue. The purpose of this paper is to systematically excavate SUN Simiao's theory of “Bao Zhong Fenghan”, to further enrich the ideas of Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of menstrual diseases, to provide a basis for the modern medical research of SUN Simiao's academic thought, especially provide reference for the identification and treatment of complex female diseases with a long course, such as “Gonghan”, from the perspective of Waigan Fenghan.

Objective To analyze the body composition characteristics of tumor patients and their association with sarcopenia, supplement and refine the influencing factors, and thereby provide a valuable evidence base for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.Methods A total of 414 tumor patients from a tertiary hospital in Baoding, Hebei Province were enrolled. Their body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA). The characteristics of body composition were analyzed, and its impact on sarcopenia was explored. Results Among cancer patients of different genders, male patients exhibited significantly higher levels of basal metabolism, protein, extracellular water, intracellular water, total body water, fat-free mass, and body water percentage compared with female patients(all P<0.05). In contrast, female patients had significantly higher body fat, inorganic salts, and body fat percentage than male patients(all P<0.05). Across different age groups, intracellular water, extracellular water, protein, inorganic salts, body fat, basal metabolism, total body water, body water percentage, and body fat percentage showed statistically significant differences among the three age groups(all P<0.05), with values decreasing as age increased. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age was an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in cancer patients(OR=1.205, 95%CI: 1.132-1.283, P<0.05). Conversely, body mass index(BMI)(OR=0.668, 95%CI: 0.532-0.839, P< 0.05), protein content(OR=0.781, 95%CI: 0.628-0.970, P<0.05), basal metabolism(OR=0.991, 95%CI: 0.988-0.994, P<0.05), and body water percentage(OR=0.905, 95%CI: 0.850-0.964, P<0.05)were identified as protective factors against sarcopenia. Conclusion Age, BMI, protein content, basal metabolism, and body water percentage are key factors influencing sarcopenia in cancer patients. The risk of sarcopenia increases with age, while higher basal metabolism, BMI, protein content, and body water percentage are associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia.

Objective To investigate gender differences and interaction analysis between stigma and social support in patients with port-wine stains(PWS). Methods A total of 159 PWS patients were selected from the Department of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation of a grade A tertiary hospital in Henan Province. The Social Impact Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale were used to assess the stigma and social support level of PWS patients. Results The totalstigma score of PWS patients was(62.07± 13.19), the totalsocial support score was(35.43±7.81). The score of total stigma and each dimension in the female PWS patients were significantly higher than those of the males; however, the score of totalsocial support and each dimension in the females were significantly lower than those of the males(P<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between stigma scores and social support scores(P<0.001). Social support negatively predicted the level of stigma in patients with port wine stains(β=-0.247,P<0.001), and this effect was moderated by gender(β=-0.106, P<0.001). Specifically, social support significantly predicted the stigma in male patients only(β=-0.175, t=-2.447, P=0.017).Conclusion The stigma of PWS patients presents moderate to high level, and gender difference can adjust the relationship between stigma and social support among PWS patients.

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in China. Hypertension is an important but controllable risk factor, and its association with stroke has become the focus of research in the public health field. This study will focus on the impact of hypertension on stroke, and systematically elaborate its epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment strategies, aiming to provide a comprehensive and in-depth reference for the prevention and treatment of hypertension-related stroke.

The advent of the 5G era and the globalization of artificial intelligence have brought about tremendous changes to human society. The “new generation artificial intelligence development plan” issued by the state council has elevated artificial intelligence to the national strategic level, attaching great importance to the cross-integration of artificial intelligence and various professional education. The “reference guidelines for artificial intelligence application scenarios in the health industry” issued by the national health commission and other three departments have provided clear application scenarios and development directions for the combination of artificial intelligence and medical and health care. In order to cope with the impact of artificial intelligence on traditional medical imaging technology teaching and meet the social demand for compound and multi-disciplinary background talents, this paper studies and explores the interdisciplinary training model of “artificial intelligence + medical imaging technology”, aiming to cultivate a group of composite talents who possess both professional knowledge of medical imaging technology and mastery of artificial intelligence technology, providing more professional talents for intelligent medical imaging examination, analysis and diagnosis, and further promoting the application of artificial intelligence in medical imaging.