Table of Content

25 February 2026, Volume 43 Issue 1

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Regulatory effect of taurine on the expression of aquaporin 4(AQP4)in the brain and its therapeutic role in bilirubin encephalopathy

FAN Ping, GAO Yuyang, XIAO Zeyu, DONG Zelin, GUO Keyun, MAO Binyi, CHEN Yuxiao, ZHANG Yuhan, GAN Shengwei

2026, 43(1):  1-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.01.001

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Objective To evaluate the regulatory effect of exogenous taurine(Tau)on the expression of aquaporin 4(AQP4)in the parietal cerebral cortex of a rat pup model of bilirubin encephalopathy(BE)and clarify its therapeutic effect on BE and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Neonatal SD rats weighing 10-15 g were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group(Sham group), bilirubin encephalopathy group(BE group), and taurine treatment group(BE+Tau group). The BE group was intraperitoneally injected with taurine solvent, followed by cisterna magna injection of bilirubin(20 mg/kg body weight)4 hours later to induce the BE model. The BE+Tau group was first intraperitoneally injected with taurine(15 mg/kg body weight), and bilirubin was injected via cisterna magna 4 hours later. The Sham group was first administered with taurine solvent via intraperitoneal injection, followed by an injection of bilirubin solvent via cisterna magna at 4 hours post the initial treatment. After modeling, the neurobehavioral manifestations of rats in each group were observed. At 24 hours after modeling, brain tissues were harvested from all rat pups. HE staining and Nissl staining were used to assess the degree of neuronal damage. The water content of brain tissue was measured by the dry-wet weight method. Rhodamine B isothiocyanate leakage assay was used to determine the type of cerebral edema in BE. Western blot was employed to detect the expression level of AQP4 in the parietal cortex. Results Compared with the Sham group, rats in the BE group showed obvious neurobehavioral abnormalities such as opisthotonus and unsteady crawling, significantly increased brain water content, obvious neuronal edema and damage, and the type of cerebral edema was cytotoxic edema. Additionally, the expression of AQP4 in the parietal cortex was significantly upregulated. Compared with the BE group, the neurobehavioral abnormalities of rats in the BE+Tau group were significantly alleviated, the brain water content was decreased, the neuronal edema and damage were improved, and the upregulation of AQP4 expression induced by unconjugated bilirubin(UCB)was significantly inhibited. Conclusion Exogenous taurine can delay the occurrence of cytotoxic edema, alleviate neuronal damage, and thereby inhibit the progression of BE by suppressing the UCB-induced upregulation of AQP4 expression in the parietal cortex of BE neonatal rats.

Association between CHI3L1 expression levels and four cardiovascular diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

WANG Yijiao, LI Xiaoshan, DUAN Zesen, CAO Mengyun, ZHANG Junling

2026, 43(1):  11-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.01.002

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Objective To investigate whether there is a causal relationship between Chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3L1)and four cardiovascular diseases(hypertensive heart disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction). Methods This study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, using inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods for effect estimation. Results All analytical methods showed that there was no significant genetic evidences supporting a causal role of CHI3L1 in the four cardiovascular diseases(P>0.05). Conclusion This study does not provide that genetic evidences could result in a causal role of CHI3L1 in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Advances on magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of brain metastasis

SUI Lianyu, XING Lihong, WANG Jianing, YIN Xiaoping

2026, 43(1):  20-34.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.01.003

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Brain metastasis(BM)are secondary malignant tumors originating from solid organs outside the central nervous system. They represent a severe complication of the incurable advanced stage of systemic cancer, characterized by high diversity, high heterogeneity, and poor prognosis, and are more common than primary brain tumors. The early and precise diagnosis of BM as well as the accurate assessment of their treatment prognosis are of critical importance for clinical decision-making regarding BM. The diagnostic classification of BM primarily relies on imaging data and clinical history. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, conventional enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has become the radiological gold standard for noninvasive diagnosis of BM, offering significant advantages in early diagnosis and treatment planning. Imaging diagnostics have shown great potential in the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of brain BM with the continuous development of MRI technology. Imaging diagnosis has demonstrated enormous potential in the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of BM with the continuous advancement of MRI technology. Emerging functional MRI techniques are not confined to morphological assessment of BM; functional MRI technologies enable non-invasive evaluation of BM at the molecular and biological levels. This advancement facilitates precise and efficient diagnosis, enhances the accuracy and efficiency of therapeutic efficacy assessment and aids in clinical decision-making. This article reviews the application and latest research progress of MRI in the diagnosis and efficacy assessment of brain metastasis.

Advances on non-traditional lipid parameters and acute ischemic stroke

AN Xu, ZHU Zeyang, LIU Yonggang

2026, 43(1):  35-41.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.01.004

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Hypertrophic dyslipidemia remains a major stroke risk factor. Even after achieving target levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, residual vascular risks persist, with non-traditional lipid parameters playing a critical role. Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)refers to brain infarction caused by cerebral artery occlusion, accompanied by neuronal, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte damage. As the leading cause of mortality and disability in modern society, AIS requires comprehensive evaluation. This review examines the correlation between non-traditional lipid parameters and AIS progression, aiming to develop improved prognostic indicators for better stroke management.

Exposition and elucidation of Liu Wansu's Xuanfu theory

MA Yuchen, BIAN Yuanyuan, DU Xin, ZHAO Zhiyong, LI Yang

2026, 43(1):  42-49.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.01.005

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ObjectiveTo research and perpetuate the academic thought of LIU Wansu to provide a theoretical basis for Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)treatment.Methods Through a study of the Su Wen, Suwen Xuanji Yuanbingshi, and the Laozi, this paper investigates the TCM term “Xuanfu”.This is achieved by tracing its origin,provides detailed explanations and insights,summarizing,and upholding tradition while innovating.Results It is concluded that the “Xuanfu” described by LIU Wansu refers to the minutest pores in the human body.These are mysterious passageways that are imperceptible to the human sensory organs.they are also termed “pores for Qi”.They are widely distributed throughout the body,serving as gates for internal-external communication,facilitating the generation of Qi and its interaction with the natural world.They ensure the smooth flow of Qi within the body and maintain a dynamic balance of Yin and Yang between the internal and external environments, as well as among various organs and tissues, so as to enable the performance of physiological functions.By dispersing Qi, the Xuanfu, which is distributed in sweat pores and striae, thereby promotes sweating and fluid excretion through them.Hence,the sweat pores,striae and Xuanfu are collectively termed as the “pores for Qi and fluids.”The Shen belongs to the category of Qi.It encompasses aspects of spirit,thought,and mental activity.These functional activities of the spirit are also conducted through the Xuanfu.Thus, mental disorders can lead to diseases of the organs and tissues.The Xuanfu possesses both Yin and Yang aspects, and it can be obstructed by either cold or heat pathogens.External damage of the Liuyin, internal damage from the Qiqing, and the detrimental changes in the struggle between healthy Qi and pathogenic Qi can all lead to blockage of the Xuanfu.This blockage leads to Yangre Fuyu, causing Liuqi Huare,which can lead to various diseases.Conclusion There is a solid theoretical basis for considering the Xuanfu as pores for Qi.

Clinical experience in treating postoperative cough in lung cancer patients with Yangfei Zhike Tang as the basic formula

SUO Ao, DONG Yumeng, LIU Shuhui, ZHANG Weijun

2026, 43(1):  50-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.01.006

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Postoperative cough in lung cancer falls into the category of “cough disease” in traditional Chinese medicine.Our research team summarizes the pathogenesis of this disease as follows: the root cause is Qiyin Liangxu, while the secondary causes are Tanyudu Hujie. Based on Yangfei Quwei Tang from Bianzheng Lu in FU Qingzhu's medical system, we modified and developed Yangfei Zhike Tang for the treatment of postoperative cough in lung cancer.The ingredients of the Tang include Renshen,Shengdi,Maidong,Miziwan,Zhibaibu,Baihe,Mipipaye,Tiandong,Baizhu,Fuling,Sangbaipi, Wuweizi,Gancao.It functions to Ziyin Yangfei,Jianyi Piqi,Ziyang Shenshui,aiming to achieve the effects of Peitu Shengjin and Jinshui Gongtiao, thereby Yiqi Yangyin,Huatan Zhike.Moreover, on the basis of this Tang, modifications are made for patients with six syndrome types of postoperative cough in lung cancer, namely Feiyin Kuixu,Ganhuo Fanfei,Qixu Tanning,Qiyin Liangxu,Feishen Liangxu,Yuxue Zuluo.Obvious the rapeutic effects have been achieved in clinical practice.

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of humanistic care efficacy in newly entered nurses

NAN Sha, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Li, LIANG Hongyu, WANG Na, ZHANG Hongjie, WANG Zheng, KONG Ze

2026, 43(1):  56-63.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.01.007

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Objective To investigate the current situation of humanistic caring efficacy of new nurses and explore its influencing factors with a view to provide directions for cultivating caring nurses. Methods Nurses newly recruited in six 3A grade hospitals and six 2A grade hospitals in Baoding City in 2024 were selected for the study. The research tools were general information questionnaire and caring efficacy scale. SPSS 25.0 was used for data processing. t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of humanistic care efficacy of newly recruited nurses. Resluts The level of humanistic care efficacy of the respondents was low, and the differences in the influence of gender, whether they had received humanistic care-related courses and the humanistic care atmosphere of the internship hospital on the humanistic care efficacy scores of the newly recruited nurses were statistically significant(P< 0.05). Conclusion The level of humanistic care efficacy of new nurses needs to be improved, in which gender, whether they have received humanistic care-related courses and the humanistic care atmosphere of the internship hospital are the influencing factors of humanistic care efficacy of new nurses. Strengthening the education of humanistic caring related courses and creating a good humanistic caring atmosphere in internship hospitals are necessary to improve the caring efficacy of new entry nurses and improve the quality of nursing care for clinical nurses.

Advances on episodic future thinking for improving cognitive function in the elderly

LI Linghan, CUI Xiangshu, LI Haiyan

2026, 43(1):  64-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.01.008

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This paper mainly introduces the core concept of episodic future thinking(EFT)and briefly describes the design of intervention programs based on economic theories and positive psychology. It also analyzes the neurological basis of EFT in improving cognitive impairment among the elderly and points out that its mechanism can enhance their well-being through multiple physiological and psychological dimensions. The paper also briefly states the application scenarios, effects, and assessment tools of EFT to provide a theoretical and practical basis for its promotion and application in the field of the elderly cognitive health. In the meantime, it proposes that EFT may offer a new intervention direction and practical reference for alleviating the elderly cognitive decline and improving the quality of their life.

Innovative development of national demonstration center for experimental clinical skills medical education in the new era: Chongqing Medical University practice

SUN Congcong, LIU Hongjian, DOU Yan, HUANG Jinglin, WANG Jia, LU Li

2026, 43(1):  72-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.01.009

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In the context of the new era, there are numerous challenges in clinical skills teaching, such as system integration, adoption of new technologies, and shaping of individualization. Taking the Clinical Skills Experimental Teaching Center of Chongqing Medical University as an example, this article explores how it, as a national-level demonstration center, has undergone innovative development. The center has established a construction framework encompassing “three integrations” “four new technologies” and “five modernizations” as well as a development trend of “one platform and three centers”. It has achieved outstanding results in operational innovation, curriculum improvement, teaching reform, information technology creation, and student shaping. The innovative development emphasizes the in-depth application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual simulation, while also focuses on enhancing students' scientific thinking, innovation ability, and humanistic literacy. This demonstrates the strategic transformation and functional expansion of the Clinical Skills Center, providing a reference example for the high-quality and sustainable development of clinical skills experimental teaching centers.