Abstract: Positive childbirth experience is one of the vital strategies to enhance birth intention and birth rates. Midwifery service supports that childbirth is a physiological process and spontaneous pushing during this process could enhance women's childbirth experience, which has been adopted by many countries or regions. This research aims to review and summarize the content and characteristic of spontaneous pushing during the second stage of labour and its effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes, thereby providing evidence for pushing management during the second stage of labour.

Key words: the second stage of labor, childbirth, spontaneous pushing

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