关键词: 早产儿, 机械通气, 支气管肺发育不良, 胎龄, 临床特点

Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)at different gestational ages, and provide targeted diagnosis and treatment guidance for children with BPD at different gestational ages. Methods The clinical data of 241 premature infants diagnosed as BPD in neonatal intensive care unit of Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from February 2017 to February 2022 were collected and divided into three groups according to gestational age: gestational age <30 weeks group(105 cases), gestational age 30-32 weeks group(83 cases), and gestational age >32 weeks group(53 cases). The differences in general situation, maternal risk factors, treatment and complications among the three groups were compared. Results Among premature infants with BPD, there was no significant difference in gender and delivery mode among different gestational age groups(P>0.05), and the difference in birth weight was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of premature rupture of membranes, placental abnormalities and Apgar score among the maternal risk factors(P>0.05). There was significant difference in the scores of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, prenatal hormone application and chorioamnionitis(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the application rate of glucocorticoid and caffeine citrate after birth(P>0.05). There were significant differences in mechanical ventilation time, oxygen therapy time and hospitalization time(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)and sepsis among the complications(P>0.05). There were significant differences in pneumonia, intracranial hemorrhage(ICH)and periventricular leukomalacia(PVL)(P<0.05). Conclusion There are differences in clinical characteristics and risk factors among children with BPD of different gestational ages. Effective diagnosis and treatment should be carried out according to different gestational ages to avoid long-term mechanical ventilation and actively control the pulmonary infection that may be caused by mechanical ventilation, which can reduce the occurrence of the disease.

Key words: premature infants, mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, gestational age, clinical features