精神分裂症复发现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2024.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨精神分裂症复发情况,分析其影响因素。方法以保定市某精神专科医院确诊的精神分裂症患者为研究对象。利用服药依从性量表、自知力与治疗态度量表、贬低-歧视感知量表、社会支持量表等调查工具,采用面对面方法收集患者资料,分析精神分裂症复发的影响因素。结果共收集430例患者资料,其中199例患者复发,复发率为46.27%。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,病程(OR=10.294,P<0.001)、病耻感(OR=9.087,P<0.001)、是否经历过应激创伤事件(OR=2.162,P=0.017)、精神分裂症家族史(OR=3.066,P=0.001)是精神分裂症复发的危险因素;家庭人均月收入(OR=0.300,P=0.020;OR=0.075,P<0.001;OR=0.096,P=0.001)、自知力与治疗态度(OR=0.570,P=0.539;OR=0.097,P=0.011;OR=0.018,P=0.001)、服药依从性(OR=0.189,P<0.001)是精神分裂症复发的保护因素。结论精神分裂症的复发率较高,病程较长、自知力与治疗态度较差、病耻感较重、有应激创伤事件、有精神分裂症家族史、家庭人均月收入较低、服药依从性差是精神分裂症复发的主要因素。

关键词: 精神分裂症, 复发, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To explore the recurrence of schizophrenia and analyze its influencing factors. Methods The study was conducted among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia at a specialized psychiatric hospital in Baoding city. Data were collected face-to-face using various scales, including the medication adherence scale, insight and treatment attitude scale, perceived devaluation-discrimination scale, and social support scale to analyze factors influencing schizophrenia recurrence. Results A total of 430 patients were included, among whom 199 experienced a recurrence, yielding a recurrence rate of 46.27%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that longer illness duration(OR=10.294, P<0.001), stigma(OR=9.087, P<0.001), history of traumatic stress(OR=0.389, P=0.017), and a family history of schizophrenia(OR=3.066, P=0.001)were risk factors for recurrence. Additionally, higher monthly per capita family income(OR=0.300, P=0.020; OR=0.075, P<0.001; OR=0.096, P=0.001), better insight and treatment attitude(OR=0.570, P=0.539; OR=0.097, P=0.011; OR=0.018, P=0.001), and higher medication adherence(OR=0.189, P<0.001)were identified as protective factors. Conclusion In conclusion, the recurrence rate of schizophrenia remains high. Patients with longer illness durations, higher levels of stigma, traumatic stress history, family history of schizophrenia, lower monthly per capita family income, poorer insight and treatment attitudes, and lower medication adherence are at greater risk of recurrence.

Key words: schizophrenia, recurrence, influencing factors

中图分类号:

R195

赵紫琪,王丽娜,安瑞琦,张红杰. 精神分裂症复发现状及影响因素分析[J]. 医学研究与教育, 2024, 41(6): 32-41.

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