Complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Abstract

Abstract: Based on institutional and personal experience in more than 1 000 patients treated by PCNL, we reviewed the literature (Pubmed search) focusing on technique, type, and incidence of complications of the procedure. Complications during or after PCNL may be present with an overall complication rate of up to 83%, including extravasation (7.2%), transfusion (11.2%–17.5%), and fever (21.0%–32.1%), whereas major complications, such as septicaemia (0.3%–4.7%) and colonic (0.2%–0.8%) or pleural injury (0–3.1%) were rare. Comorbidity (i.e., renal insufficiency, diabetes, gross obesity, pulmonary disease) increased the risk of complications.Most complications (i.e., bleeding, extravasation, fever) could be managed conservatively or minimally invasively (i.e., pleural drain, superselective renal embolisation) if recognised early. The most important consideration for achieving consistently successful outcomes in PCNL with minimal major complications were the correct selection of patients, a well-standardised technique and postoperative follow-up.

Key words: complications, endourology, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Urinary calculi

CLC Number:

References

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