医学研究与教育 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 26-32.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.02.004

• 中医药学 • 上一篇    

黄芪治疗糖尿病肾病的临床应用与作用机制

郑绍勇   

  1. 江西中医药大学中医学院, 江西 南昌 330004
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-06 发布日期:2026-04-30
  • 作者简介:郑绍勇(1982—),男,云南威信人,讲师,主要从事中医药防治代谢疾病的研究。 E-mail: shaoyongzheng@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    江西省卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(20193007);江西省卫生计生委中医药科研计划课题(2017A269)

Clinical application and mechanisms of action of Astragalus root in treating diabetic nephropathy

ZHENG Shaoyong   

  1. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
  • Received:2025-04-06 Published:2026-04-30

摘要: 探讨了黄芪及其制剂(如复方、多糖、甲苷、注射液)在糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)防治中的临床应用与实验研究进展。临床研究表明,黄芪及其复方或制剂能够改善DN患者的临床症状,有效降低蛋白尿水平和尿白蛋白排泄率,改善肾功能及代谢紊乱,常作为辅助治疗手段提高综合疗效。实验研究揭示,黄芪及其主要活性成分黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷Ⅳ等通过多靶点发挥肾脏保护作用,其机制涉及抗氧化应激、抑制炎症反应、减轻肾脏纤维化、保护足细胞、调节内质网应激与线粒体功能等。分析表明,黄芪作为DN综合治疗中的一种辅助手段具有良好应用潜力,但仍需高质量临床试验证实其确切疗效并深入阐明作用机制。

关键词: 黄芪, 糖尿病肾病, 作用机制, 黄芪多糖, 黄芪甲苷Ⅳ

Abstract: Developments on the clinical application and experimental studies of Astragalus root and its preparations(such as compound formulas, polysaccharides, astragaloside Ⅳ, injections)in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN)are summarized. Improvements in clinical symptoms in DN patients, effective reductions in proteinuria levels and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER), and improved renal function and metabolic disorders have been observed with Astragalus root, its compound formulas, or preparations, often serving as an adjuvant therapy to enhance overall therapeutic efficacy. Experimental research has shown that Astragalus root and its main active components Astragalus polysaccharide(APS), Astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ)exert renoprotective effects via multiple targets. The underlying mechanisms include alleviating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, reducing renal fibrosis, protecting podocytes, modulating endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress, and improving mitochondrial function. Significant potential for Astragalus root as an adjuvant therapy in the comprehensive management of DN is suggested; however, its definitive efficacy requires confirmation through high-quality clinical trials, along with further elucidation of its mechanisms of action.

Key words: Astragalus root, diabetic nephropathy, mechanism of action, Astragalus polysaccharide, Astragaloside Ⅳ

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