早期功能锻炼对全膝关节置换术后患者关节功能恢复的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-490X.2026.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨早期功能锻炼对全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)后患者关节功能恢复的影响。方法采用随机对照试验,将120例TKA患者随机分为试验组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。试验组在术后24 h内开始早期功能锻炼,对照组按传统康复方案进行。评估指标包括膝关节活动度(range of motion, ROM)、疼痛视觉模拟量表(Visual Analog Scale, VAS)评分、膝关节学会量表(Knee Society Score, KSS)评分、健康调查简表(Short Form-36, SF-36)评分等,在术前、术后1周、1个月和3个月进行评估。结果 2组患者术后ROM、KSS评分均随时间延长逐渐升高,VAS评分逐渐降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术后各时间点,试验组ROM、KSS评分均高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术后3个月,试验组ROM为118.2°±11.8°,对照组为108.5°±10.9°(二者比较P<0.001);KSS评分为(89.7±12.3)分 vs(82.5±11.8)分(P<0.001);VAS评分为(1.3±0.7)分 vs(1.8±0.8)分(P<0.001)。试验组SF-36评分及生活质量优于对照组(P<0.05),并发症发生率更低(P<0.01)。结论早期功能锻炼能改善TKA术后患者的关节功能恢复,减轻疼痛,提高生活质量,降低并发症发生率。

关键词: 全膝关节置换术, 早期功能锻炼, 关节功能恢复, 康复, 随机对照试验

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of early functional exercise on joint function recovery in patients after total knee arthroplasty(TKA). Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 120 TKA patients randomly divided into an experimental group(n=60)and a control group(n=60). The experimental group began early functional exercises within 24 hours post-surgery, while the control group followed a traditional rehabilitation protocol. Assessment indicators included range of motion(ROM), visual analog scale(VAS)for pain, knee society score(KSS), and Short Form-36(SF-36), evaluated pre-operatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-operatively. Results ROM and KSS scores in both groups gradually increased over time, while VAS scores gradually decreased, with statistically significant differences(all P<0.001). At all post-operative time points, the experimental group showed significantly higher ROM and KSS scores and lower VAS scores compared with that of the control group(all P<0.001). At 3 months post-operatively, ROM in the experimental group was 118.2°±11.8° vs 108.5°±10.9° in the control group(P<0.001); KSS score was 89.7±12.3 vs 82.5±11.8(P<0.001); VAS score was 1.3±0.7 vs 1.8±0.8(P<0.001). SF-36 scores and quality of life in the experimental group were superior to that of the control group(P<0.05), with a lower incidence of complications(P<0.01). Conclusion Early functional exercise significantly improves joint function recovery, reduces pain, enhances quality of life, and lowers the incidence of complications in patients after TKA.

Key words: total knee arthroplasty, early functional exercise, joint function recovery, rehabilitation, randomized controlled trial

中图分类号:

郎旭剑,谭淏文,丁涛,刘焕彩. 早期功能锻炼对全膝关节置换术后患者关节功能恢复的影响[J]. 医学研究与教育, 2026, 43(2): 12-19.

LANG Xujian, TAN Haowen, DING Tao, LIU Huancai. Effects of early functional exercise on joint function recovery in patients after knee arthroplasty[J]. Journal of Hebei Medical College for Continuing Education, 2026, 43(2): 12-19.

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